Application of laser in oral cavity

Application of laser in oral cavity
Laser is a queue of photons excited from light. When laser radiation acts on biological tissues, tissue gasification, melting, jetting and high-temperature decomposition will occur. These phenomena are collectively referred to as the biological effects of laser. It can lead to the cutting or removal of biological tissue, forming tissue "ablation".
Using this principle, laser has been widely used in medicine. Laser is widely used in medical clinic, such as diagnosis: various laser analysis and diagnosis instruments (such as laser tumor diagnosis analyzer, laser holographic microscope, laser CT, etc.) can quickly and objectively obtain results; For example, laser treatment technology (such as laser knife, laser treatment machine, laser micro-beam technology, endoscopic laser, photodynamic therapy, etc.) has been applied in almost all clinical departments. In stomatology, lasers have been used in caries, dentistry and endodontics, periodontal disease, oral and maxillofacial surgery, children's dentistry and diagnostics.
Application of laser in soft tissue therapy
Soft tissue surgery is a major indication of laser in periodontal treatment. When you think of "surgery", is the picture in your mind a cold-blooded doctor in a white gown, standing in front of your bed with a scalpel and a ferocious face, holding your mouth open with an iron hook, and ravaging your flesh in the mouth? no,no,no! That's an old movie! Now, with the help of laser, the periodontal surgery can achieve painless, bloodless, non-invasive and comfortable treatment!
Why do you see it? Then let me give you a grand introduction to the biological principle of laser!
Laser irradiation on the tissue surface can cause overheating reaction, solidification, evaporation, carbonization, combustion and gasification. Usually, several thermal effects can occur at the same time. When the tissue is vaporized by laser, the tissue surface will vaporize, and the adjacent tissue will carbonize due to high temperature. Due to heat conduction, the deeper tissue will produce protein coagulation. Therefore, laser coagulation and sealing of small blood vessels at high temperature during work greatly reduces the amount of bleeding; Because there is no body surface contact during the operation, and the laser high temperature can kill the wound microorganisms, the infection is very small, and the postoperative reaction is very small; Normal tissues should be preserved as much as possible during the operation, so there is very little damage; Automatically seals small blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, resulting in very little diffusion; Patients treated with laser rarely feel pain, and anesthesia is hardly needed during operation, so the pain is very small.
For example, gingival bleeding, as we all know, can be caused by local plaque and calculus, or by systemic diseases, such as liver disease, kidney disease, blood disease, etc.
What can you think of when you notice frequent gum bleeding? Brush your teeth correctly and try to remove the dirt on the tooth surface? Do you want a doctor to help remove dental calculus? you 're right! These methods are effective hemostatic measures, but what about bleeding? If it is still bleeding, we must find out the source of systemic disease to control it, and actively carry out local hemostasis. The traditional hemostasis methods include local and systemic medication, compression hemostasis, clamp suture hemostasis, thermal coagulation hemostasis, etc. However, using laser can achieve rapid hemostasis without contact. Because periodontal tissue can absorb energy and produce tissue contraction and fastening, which greatly reduces the patient's tension.
For patients with gingival hyperplasia who need gingivectomy, laser is even more a blessing for patients.
Traditional gingivectomy
Disinfection and anesthesia
2 Measure and mark the periodontal pocket
3 Gingivalectomy
4 Debridement and trimming
5. Cleaning and compression hemostasis
6 Place periodontal plug
With laser, there is no obvious knife edge in the operation. You can skip from step 3 to step 6, or end at step 3. In this way, not only patients feel comfortable, but also doctors save a lot of clinical operation time.
Laser surgery has unique advantages over traditional mechanical surgery in terms of excision, disinfection and hemostasis. In addition, in periodontal beauty surgery, such as gingival whitening treatment, lasers are the first to abandon all traditional treatment defects and achieve your desire to love beauty in the short term!
Non-operative treatment of periodontium with laser
Plaque is the main pathogenic factor of periodontal disease, and the removal of plaque and calculus is the main body of periodontal treatment. The traditional periodontal treatment method is due to ① the existence of treatment blind area, vibration and noise bring discomfort to patients (mechanical removal); ② The plaque biofilm on the root surface affects the penetration of the liquid medicine, and the liquid medicine can not remove the surface calculus (chemical removal), which has certain limitations.
The use of Nd: YAG laser as an auxiliary treatment method in combination with conventional treatment in non-surgical periodontal treatment can achieve a more obvious cleaning effect, and can also reduce or remove the microorganisms in the periodontal pocket; Er: YAG laser can be used either as an auxiliary treatment or alone. It is the most effective laser for periodontal pocket treatment including removal of calculus. It can solve the limitations of the general periodontal treatment mentioned above.
Laser periodontal surgery
The application of Er: YAG laser can realize various bone surgery operations such as debridement of periodontitis bone defect, alveolar bone shaping, alveolar bone resection, crown lengthening, bone marrow perforation, alveolar ridge segmentation when alveolar ridge is widened.
The advantages, disadvantages and prospects of laser in periodontal treatment
Laser can show strong fusion, hemostasis, decontamination and sterilization effects on human tissues. In periodontal treatment, it can also achieve the above effects, and achieve debridement of diseased tissues while accurately cutting soft tissues. This is the obvious advantage of laser therapy.
However, the cost of laser equipment is high; And each laser has different characteristics due to its different wavelength, which requires the laser user to understand the basic performance of each laser and select its application range according to its characteristics. Therefore, the use of laser must be constantly adjusted under the guidance of professional doctors, and cannot simply listen to rumors or advertisements.